This is already, in many ways, a solved problem for smaller setups with a limited asset library.
If the assets are stored in OneDrive, DropBox, Creative Cloud, etc. and all render nodes are already synced to the relevant cloud provider, then no explicit sync is required. Simply specify the root path to the sync folder for each node and all assets will then be relative to that.
The same solution would work equally well if the shared location is a NAS.
All that's needed is a simple check of hashes to validate that everything is indeed up to date.